【专题】人工智能装备质量监督效能研究

近年来,人工智能技术迅速发展和渐趋成熟,在装备领域的应用大放异彩,极大地拓展了传统装备性能,特别是自主性和智能化水平。但人工智能算法本身固有的逻辑推理性差、具有不可解释性和需要学习训练等特性给人工智能装备的质量监督带来了新挑战,现有评价手段的欠缺也使人工智能装备发展在实用可靠方面充满不确定性。本文在总结归纳人工智能装备新特性拓展和质量监督新挑战的基础上,重点围绕有效提升人工智能装备的质量监督展开研究。提出应在夯实基础能力设施建设、注重日常数据采集整理、灵活技术状态管控、研究有效评价手段、强化人才队伍建设和闭环质量信息反馈与利用等六方面加强人工智能装备质量监督的措施建议,以期为人工智能装备的发展建设提供参考。     

基于GRA法的军工企业财务竞争力评价

2015年,“军民融合发展战略”上升为国家战略。在政策引导下,我国军工集团将资产拆分上市,开始加快直面市场的步伐。由于曾经的管理体制、经营目标与市场经济不适应等原因,此类企业存在财务理念滞后、能力较弱的问题,需要提升财务竞争力。为解决这一问题,本文通过改良得到适于军工企业的财务竞争力评价指标体系;基于军工企业财务竞争力,利用灰色关联度分析法对军工集团实际控制的62家上市公司进行排序,识别出标杆企业中国船舶重工股份有限公司和北京四维图新科技股份有限公司。研究表明,军工企业财务竞争力普遍较弱,应当根据标杆企业财务竞争力提升的经验,构建战略联盟,应用共享服务的财务管理新模式,提升基础财务能力。     

Simulation on the dynamic stability derivatives of battle-structure-damaged aircrafts

Accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a battle-structure-damaged aircraft is essential to enable the pilot to optimize the flight control strategy. Based on CFD and rigid dynamic mesh techniques, a numerical method is developed to calculate the longitudinal and longitudinal-lateral coupling forces and moments with small amplitude sinusoidal pitch oscillation, and the corresponding dynamic de-rivatives of two fragment-structure-damaged and two continuous-rod-damaged models modified from the SACCON UAV. The results indicate that, at the reference point set in this paper, additional positive damping is generated in fragment-damaged configurations; thus, the absolute values of the negative pitch dynamic derivative increase. The missing wingtip induces negative pitch damping on the aircraft and decreases the value of the pitch dynamic derivative. The missing middle wing causes a noticeable increase in the absolute value of the pitch dynamic derivative;the missing parts on the right wing cause the aircraft to roll to the right side in the dynamic process, and the pitch-roll coupling cross dynamic derivatives are positive. Moreover, the values of these derivatives increase as the damaged area on the right wing increases, and an optimal case with the smallest cross dynamic derivative can be found to help improve the survivability of damaged aircraft.     

Relative performance of novel blast wave mitigation system to conventional system based on mitigation percent criteria

Recent researches focused on developing robust blast load mitigation systems due to the threats of terrorist attacks. One of the main embraced strategies is the structural systems that use mitigation techniques. They are developed from a combination of structural elements and described herein as conventional systems. Among the promising techniques is that redirect the waves propagation through hollow tubes. The blast wave propagation through tubes provides an efficient system since it combines many blast wave phenomena, such as reflection, diffraction, and interaction. In this research, a novel blast load mitigation system, employed as a protection fence, is developed using a technique similar to the technique of the bent tube in manipulating the shock-wave. The relative performance of the novel system to the conventional system is evaluated based on mitigation percent criteria. Performances of both systems are calculated through numerical simulation. The proposed novel system proved to satisfy high performance in mitigating the generated blast waves from charges weight up to 500 kg TNT at relatively small standoff distances (5 m and 8 m). It mitigates at least 94％ of the blast waves, which means that only 6％ of that blast impulse is considered as the applied load on the targeted structure.     

电子战系统效能的模糊评估方法

电子战装备的系统作战效能分析一直是个较为复杂的问题。在阐述电子战系统作战效能概念的基础上,根据电子战装备的分类,建立了电子战系统效能评估的指标评价体系框架,对电子对抗装备中较为重要的侦察、干扰设备效能评估指标进行了分析。对基于模糊数学综合评判和层次分析法理论的电子战系统作战效能评估的研究作了较为详细的分析,并进行了应用仿真。     

基于BP神经网络的雷达网抗干扰性能综合评估

在分析目前综合评估雷达网抗干扰性能时遇到困难后,探讨了利用BP人工神经网络良好的非线性函数逼近特性来解决这一问题的可行性,并分析了在用这种方法建模评估的过程中需要注意的各种问题;其中侧重对在具体构造评估模型时输入输出评估指标集的确定方法和模型的训练验证方法进行了研究,并进一步分析了建立的模型可能的用途。最后指出这种思路也可以推广到对类似的复杂信息系统的综合评估中。     

基于XML的装备维修信息标准化

基于XML的装备维修信息标准化是我军装备信息保障的发展趋势.以设备技术说明书为例,对其进行了标准化信息分解,构建了相应的DTD和数据库结构,并讨论了实现标准化维修信息动态传输与交换的相关问题.     

基于AHP的灰色评估模型及其应用

以灰色系统理论为基础,将层次分析法与灰色评估法相结合,建立了基于AHP的灰色评估模型,论述了利用该模型进行评估的基本步骤,并对数字化部队作战效能评估进行了研究,给出了评估数字化部队作战效能的具体过程。实例表明,这种评估方法科学合理,可以减少主观因素的影响,提高评估结论的准确性,为数字化部队作战效能评估提供了一种新方法。     

指挥自动化系统效能评价指标体系的结构

从一般系统评价中效能的基本概念入手,给出了指挥自动化系统效能评价中效能的分类及各类的定义,总结了指挥自动化系统效能评价的特点,引入一类新的效能——作战任务效能;在此基础上提出了指挥自动化系统效能评价指标体系的结构,即“作战效能指标——作战任务效能指标——系统效能指标——系统性能指标”的四层指标结构,并进一步研究了指挥自动化系统效能评价过程中各类指标之间的关系。     

部队作战效能综合评估法

高技术条件下局部战争的显著特点是参战单位多、对抗关系复杂、战争不确定因素增加,如何在此情况下客观评估部队的作战效能是作战研究领域一个重点和难点。通过综合运用定性分析法、网络分析法、战斗效能指数法、作战模拟及系统动力学等多种方法和理论,建立了一种可对部队作战效能进行评估的综合评估法。并以高技术条件下岛上进攻作战中装甲团的作战效能评估为例,详细介绍了该方法的实施过程,认为该综合评估法是行之有效的。